What does a hoe do exactly?

Hoeing removes shallow rooted plants so is great for if you keep up to date with your weeding.  However, for deeper rooted plants, it cuts them off at the roots, leaving the roots there to grow back so hoeing is not good for these.

For the soil, hoeing helps to aerate the soil, disperse nutrients and improve drainage.

However, it’s best to avoid using a hoe if you have a bad back or arthritis.  The chopping action gives impact damage on the joints and causes back strain.  If you buy a light hoe or get an add-on handle, it’s possible to use them with just one arm if you prefer.